iGRIPS
About this reference
The iGRIPS (International Grip Strength) project is a systematic review and meta-analysis of approximately 2.4 million adults across 69 countries and regions. Source protocols varied: 73% of studies tested both hands, 26% tested the dominant hand only, and 1% tested the non-dominant hand; 90% reported the maximum reading. The authors adjusted the data to one reference protocol using factors estimated from individual records. That protocol uses a hydraulic dynamometer with the participant seated, elbow flexed, forearm neutral, and handle fitted to the hand. Both hands are tested three times and the highest reading is retained. The norms therefore represent the best reading from either hand, not a dominant-hand result or an average of the hands.
Known limitations
- Aggregated from studies using different dynamometer brands and testing protocols
- The values were statistically adjusted to a common protocol; they were not all measured under that protocol.
- Normative values represent pooled international data; country-specific norms may differ
- Most included studies used cross-sectional designs
- The published Table 2 reports P5, P10, P20, P30, P40, P50, P60, P70, P80, P90, and P95. P25 and P75 on this site are interpolated as (P20 + P30) / 2 and (P70 + P80) / 2 respectively.