Graham et al. (ATS/ERS 2019)
About this reference
The 2019 ATS/ERS technical statement defines how spirometry should be performed, including equipment calibration, the forced vital capacity manoeuvre, and the acceptability and repeatability criteria a test must meet before its values are reported. It supersedes the 2005 standardisation document. On this site it is the source of the test protocol described on the spirometry pages only. It contributes no percentile data: every FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC number here comes from the GLI-2012 reference equations (Quanjer et al. 2012).
Known limitations
- Defines test procedure only; publishes no reference values or percentiles
- Equipment and quality-control requirements assume a clinical or laboratory spirometer, so results from handheld consumer devices may not meet the acceptability criteria described